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parking enforcement officer
A parking enforcement officer or parking attendant or traffic warden and sometimes parking inspector is a member of a traffic control department or agency who issues tickets for parking violations. Where parking meters are used, they may be known as a meter attendant〔(United States Department of Labor Dictionary of Occupational Titles ), classification number 375.587-010〕 or a traffic warden (British English). The term meter maid is defined by the ''Random House Dictionary'' as "a female member of a police or traffic department responsible for issuing tickets for parking violations," and lists the term as an Americanism originating between 1955 and 1960.〔() Entry for "meter maid" ''Random House Dictionary,'' 2011.〕 The term is sometimes used derogatorily, for both female and male attendants. The term meter Nazi is pejorative.
Their use is controversial and they are often perceived as being overzealous. In the UK, this is likely due to high pressure management focused around delivering a certain number of tickets per day leading to allegations of corruption and illegality. This brings accusations that their real purpose is to raise revenue for the local authority rather than keep the traffic moving. Those who receive fines argue that the "punishment does not fit the crime,"〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Meter Maid Man )〕 pointing to the size of fines levied for minor parking violations in comparison with fines generally issued for more serious motoring offences or other offences such as shoplifting. Public dislike of parking attendants in the UK is such that they have been issued stab-proof vests and cotton swabs to take DNA samples when members of the public spit on them, for later prosecution.
==Other duties==
On the 9th of December, 2007, the mayor of Stockholm, Mikael Söderlund, announced that the tasks of the parking enforcement officers will be broadened to include fining graffiti vandals and litterers. Trade union representatives say they are not prepared to take on new tasks, already stretched by metering cars, and that they fear the risk of violence. Those authorities in England that invested in vehicles with onboard computer and camera equipment have also begun policing bus lanes.
With the combination of the role of parking attendants in some (not all) areas of Great Britain into that of Civil Enforcement Officers, many now routinely issue fixed penalties for such offences as littering, public drinking, anti-social behaviour and noise violations in addition to dealing with nuisance parking offences which previously escaped the attention of parking attendants as they contravened legislation other than the Road Traffic Act 1991.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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